India’s First Dugong Reserve: Tamil Nadu Leads Marine Conservation Efforts

In the tranquil shallows of Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar, a slow but powerful comeback is unfolding. The dugong, lovingly called the sea cow, is gliding once again through Tamil Nadu’s seagrass meadows. Once on the brink of disappearance, these gentle herbivores are now symbols of India’s coastal renewal — thanks to a remarkable blend of science, community effort, and hope.

Why Dugongs Matter

• Dugongs feed exclusively on seagrass, making them vital to marine biodiversity.

• Healthy seagrass beds support fish nurseries, store carbon, and protect coastlines.

• Tamil Nadu’s Palk Bay hosts India’s largest dugong population (150–200 individuals).

Threats in Tamil Nadu’s Waters

1. Habitat Loss: Seagrass meadows are damaged by trawling and pollution.

2. Fishing Nets: Accidental entanglement remains the top cause of death.

3. Poaching: Despite protection, illegal hunting persists in remote areas.

4. Toxic Pollutants: Studies show heavy metal traces in dugongs due to industrial run-off.

The Comeback: Dugong Conservation Reserve

• India’s first Dugong Conservation Reserve (448 sq km) was declared in 2022 at Palk Bay.

• IUCN 2025 recognized it as a model for marine biodiversity management.

• Local fishers now aid rescue missions and receive net-damage compensation.

• Seagrass restoration projects use bamboo frames and coir mats to regrow meadows.

Positive Impact

• Over 16 dugongs rescued & released since 2021.

• Awareness workshops in 80 coastal villages built trust between communities and authorities.

• Enhanced seagrass zones are improving fish catch and livelihoods.

Eco-Tourism Guidelines

• Respect marine zones and avoid touching wildlife.

• Carry reusable bottles; no single-use plastics.

• Hire certified eco-guides to support local communities.

People Also Ask (PAA)

1️⃣ Where are dugongs found in Tamil Nadu?
They live in Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar where seagrass meadows flourish.

2️⃣ Why are dugongs called sea cows?
They graze on seagrass just like cows on pasture—slow, gentle, and herbivorous.

3️⃣ What protects dugongs in India?
Listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 — maximum legal safeguard.

4️⃣ How are locals involved in saving dugongs?
Fishers report entanglements, receive rewards, and participate in seagrass restoration projects.

5️⃣ Can tourists see dugongs?
Sightings are rare, but eco-boat tours around Mandapam and Rameswaram offer a chance to explore their habitats.

Conclusion

From forgotten species to flagship symbol, the dugong’s return in Tamil Nadu proves that conservation works best when people and nature move together.
Each seagrass shoot revived is a breath of hope for the sea cow — and a testament to Tamil Nadu’s marine legacy.