In a groundbreaking move, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has, for the first time, evaluated the Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) separately from the broader grey wolf species. This marks a major step in recognizing India’s unique wildlife heritage and the urgent need to protect its fast-vanishing grasslands.
(Image credits: roundglasssustain)
A Distinct and Ancient Lineage
The Indian wolf is one of the oldest surviving wolf lineages, having evolved over 400,000 years ago. Smaller and leaner than its northern cousins, it is perfectly adapted to India’s semi-arid plains and scrublands — habitats that are often overlooked in conservation.
Population and Habitat
According to the IUCN’s first nationwide DNA-based census, India’s wild wolf population is now estimated at just 2,877–3,310 mature individuals. They are primarily found in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka, with smaller populations in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
However, less than 15% of their range falls under protected areas — leaving most wolves vulnerable to habitat loss and human conflict.
Threats to Survival
Habitat loss & fragmentation from agriculture and development
Human-wolf conflict due to livestock depredation
Declining prey base such as blackbuck and hare
Hybridisation with stray dogs, threatening genetic purity
Conservation Steps
States like Maharashtra and Gujarat are now promoting community-based grassland conservation, involving locals in protecting wolves and compensating livestock losses. Research institutions like the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and NCBS Bengaluru are conducting genetic studies to help classify the Indian wolf as a distinct species.
Why It Matters
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Recognizes the Indian wolf’s unique evolutionary lineage.
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Encourages region-specific conservation measures.
Highlights threats like habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict.
People Also Ask
1. What is the Indian wolf?
The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) is a distinct subspecies of grey wolf native to India, adapted to dry grasslands and semi-arid landscapes.
2. How is the Indian wolf different from the grey wolf?
It is smaller, has shorter fur, and thrives in warmer climates compared to the grey wolves of Europe or the Himalayas.
3. Why did IUCN recognize it separately?
Genetic and ecological studies confirmed that the Indian wolf is evolutionarily distinct, warranting a separate evaluation.
4. What is the conservation status of the Indian wolf?
It remains Endangered due to declining populations and shrinking habitats across India.
5. Where is the Indian wolf found in India?
Mainly in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat, often in open scrublands and grasslands.
Conclusion
The IUCN’s separate recognition of the Indian wolf is a milestone in India’s conservation journey. With fewer than 3,000 individuals left, it’s time to restore grasslands, promote coexistence, and preserve this ancient predator before it’s too late.
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