Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park | Coral Reefs, Marine Life

Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is Nestled along the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, between Rameswaram and Tuticorin, the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a sanctuary of marine biodiversity. Spread across 21 islands, it forms part of India’s first Marine Biosphere Reserve, covering a rich ecosystem of coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass beds. It’s a paradise for marine enthusiasts, scuba divers, and eco-travelers alike.

Overview

• Location: Ramanathapuram and Tuticorin districts, Tamil Nadu

• Established: 1986

• Area: 560 sq km

• Islands: 21 (including Krusadai, Poomarichan, and Shingle Island)

• Nearest Town: Rameswaram (10 km)

Marine Biodiversity

The Gulf of Mannar is one of the most biologically diverse marine regions in India.

Key Marine Species

• Dugongs (Sea Cows) – the park’s flagship species

• Dolphins, Sea Turtles, and Whales

• Coral Reef Species: Brain Coral, Staghorn Coral, and Mushroom Coral

• Fish Species: Over 1,000 varieties, including clownfish, parrotfish, and groupers

Flora

• Mangroves, Seagrasses, and Algae play a vital role in maintaining the marine ecosystem.

Key Attractions

• Glass-Bottom Boat Rides: Experience the colorful underwater world without diving.

• Scuba Diving & Snorkeling: Available around islands like Kurusadai and Poomarichan.

• Marine Interpretation Centre: Located in Mandapam, it educates visitors on marine life and conservation.

• Island Hopping: Explore uninhabited islands known for pristine beaches and coral reefs.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit is from October to March, when the weather is calm and sea visibility is excellent.

How to Reach Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park

• By Air: Nearest airport – Madurai (160 km).

• By Rail: Rameswaram Railway Station (10 km).

• By Road: Well connected via NH 49 from Madurai, Tuticorin, and Chennai.

Permits & Entry Fees

• Entry Fee: ₹25 for adults, ₹10 for children.

• Glass-Bottom Boat Ride: ₹500 per person (approx.).

• Scuba Diving Permit: Required from the Tamil Nadu Forest Department.

• Visitors must follow eco-guidelines to protect coral reefs.

Local Culture & Cuisine

The region around the Gulf of Mannar is steeped in Tamil coastal culture, offering a mix of tradition, spirituality, and seafood delights.

Cultural Highlights

• Visit Ramanathaswamy Temple in Rameswaram, one of India’s holiest shrines.

• Witness coastal festivals and local fishing traditions.

Cuisine

• Seafood: Fresh prawns, crabs, and fish curries are specialties.

• Traditional Tamil Meals: Enjoy spicy Chettinad dishes, rasam, and idiyappam.

Nearby Attractions

• Rameswaram Temple (10 km): Sacred pilgrimage site and architectural marvel.

• Dhanushkodi (20 km): Ghost town with stunning beaches and mythological significance.

• Adam’s Bridge (Rama’s Bridge): Chain of limestone shoals connecting India and Sri Lanka.

• Kurusadai Island: Known for its coral reefs and marine research center.

People Also Ask (PAA)

1. Why is Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park famous?
It’s India’s first marine biosphere reserve, famous for its coral reefs, dugongs, and diverse marine life.

2. Can tourists visit the islands in the Gulf of Mannar?
Yes, but only select islands like Kurusadai are open for eco-tourism under guided tours.

3. What activities can visitors do at the park?
Glass-bottom boating, snorkeling, scuba diving, and marine life photography.

4. Is it safe for families and kids?
Yes, guided boat rides and marine interpretation centers are family-friendly.

5. What is the best way to explore the park?
The best way is through organized eco-tours or forest department-approved boat trips from Mandapam.

FAQs About Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park

1. Where is the Gulf of Mannar National Park located?
It is located along the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, between Rameswaram and Tuticorin.

2. What is the total area of the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park?
It covers 560 sq km, including 21 coral-rich islands.

3. When was the park established?
It was declared a Marine National Park in 1986.

4. What are the main species found in the park?
Dugongs, dolphins, coral fish, sea turtles, and mangroves.

5. What is the best time to visit?
From October to March, when sea conditions are calm and marine visibility is high.

Conclusion

The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a natural treasure that beautifully showcases India’s marine wealth. From coral reefs and rare sea creatures to its spiritual and cultural heritage, it offers a holistic experience for travelers. Whether you’re diving into its turquoise waters or exploring Rameswaram’s sacred sites, the Gulf of Mannar is an unmissable gem for eco-tourism and adventure in 2025.